基于單片機(jī)的智能測速儀畢業(yè)設(shè)計
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- 基于單片機(jī)的智能測速儀畢業(yè)設(shè)計
摘要
在工程實(shí)際中，電機(jī)在運(yùn)行過程中，需要對其監(jiān)控，轉(zhuǎn)速是一個必不可少的參數(shù)，需要對其進(jìn)行測量。測量轉(zhuǎn)速的方法分為模擬式和數(shù)字式兩種。模擬式采用測速發(fā)電機(jī)為檢測元件，得到的信號是模擬量。數(shù)字式通常采用光電傳感器等為檢測元件，得到的信號是脈沖信號。隨著微型計算機(jī)的廣泛應(yīng)用，特別是高性能價格比的單片機(jī)的出現(xiàn)，轉(zhuǎn)速測量普遍采用以單片機(jī)為核心的測量方法。 本文設(shè)計的是運(yùn)用AT89C51單片機(jī)控制的智能化轉(zhuǎn)速測量儀。本設(shè)計基于AT89C51單片機(jī)平臺，采用光電傳感器實(shí)施電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速測量的方法，硬件系統(tǒng)包括脈沖信號產(chǎn)生，脈沖信號放大、波形變換、波行整形和顯示模塊，以及PC機(jī)與單片機(jī)之間的串行通訊。充分發(fā)揮了單片機(jī)的性能。本文的軟件重點(diǎn)是采用C語言編程，測量速度并顯示在4位LED數(shù)碼管上。
本設(shè)計的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是具有硬件電路簡單，軟件功能完善，測量速度快、精度高、控制系統(tǒng)可靠，性價比較高等特點(diǎn)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 轉(zhuǎn)速測量；單片機(jī)；光電傳感器；電機(jī)，LED。
Abstract
In engineering practice, the motor needs to monitor when it is working. Because the speed is an essential parameter to the motor, the speed of the motor must be measured. The methods of speed measurement are classified into two kinds: analog and digital. The former adopt tachometer generator as the components of detection, the result of it is an analog signal. The later adopt photoelectric sensors as the components of detection, the result of it is a pulse signal. With the wide development of micro-computer, especially the emergence of high-performance and cheap MCU, the measurement of speed commonly based on the MCU. The design of this article is using AT89C51 Microcontroller to control the speed of monitor. This design is based on AT89C51 microcontroller platform, using photoelectric sensors as the main method of the motor speed measure.
The hardware system, including pulse generation, pulse amplification, waveform conversion, wave-line shaping and display modules, the communication between PC and MCU . The performance of micro-computer is perfect. The software of this article mainly adopt C language program, the measured speed displayed on four LED digital tube.
The advantages of this design is the hardware circuit very simple , software function very perfect ,react very fast , high precision ,control system reliable and good performance.
Key words: speed measurement ,Micro-computer photoelectric, sensor, motor，LED.
目錄
一、概述 1
1.1轉(zhuǎn)速測量系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展背景及現(xiàn)狀 1
1.2本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計的意義 2
二、轉(zhuǎn)速測量系統(tǒng)的原理 3
2.1轉(zhuǎn)速測量方法 3
2.2轉(zhuǎn)速測量原理 3
三、系統(tǒng)方案提出和論證 5
3.1方案一采用霍爾傳感器 5
3.2方案二采用光電傳感器 6
四、系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計 9
4.1 AT89C51單片機(jī)介紹 9
4.2轉(zhuǎn)速信號采集 12
4.3轉(zhuǎn)速信號處理電路設(shè)計 13
4.4電壓轉(zhuǎn)換電路 13
4.5最小系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計 14
4.5.3外部中斷電路 16
4.6 顯示部分設(shè)計 17
4.7 串口通訊設(shè)計 19
4.8系統(tǒng)的仿真設(shè)計 20
五、系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 22
5.1主程序 23
5.2子程序 24
六、系統(tǒng)調(diào)試 26
6.1硬件調(diào)試 26
6.2軟件調(diào)試 26
六、總結(jié) 28
七、致謝 29
八、參考文獻(xiàn) 30
附錄一 智能測速儀電路原理圖 31
附錄二 元器件明細(xì)表 32
附錄三 智能測速儀控制程序 33
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